Apparently, this didactic method has not been exploited in this country, or, at least, not to a significant extent. So, there is probably no standard term.
What the English locution means (by definition only) would be in French "formation de l'étudiant au moyen du processus de deduction déduction personnelle que l'étudiant peut appliquer au sujet". Therefore a corresponding term in French could be "formation par deductiondéduction personnelle"; another term could be "formation par auto-explication".