Indeed, there are multiple ways to say it :
- "How was your meal?" / "How is your meal?"
Talking to a friend whom you didn't eat with :
(T'as) bien mangé ?
C'était bien le [nom du restaurant] ?
Talking to a client in a restaurant:
Tout s'est bien passé ? (common)
Comment était [l'entrée / le plat / le dessert / le repas] ?
Comment était le concert ?
Le concert était [bien / sympa] ?
Comment vas-tu aujourd'hui ?
Comment ça va aujourd'hui ?
Comment se passe ta journée ?
(Est-ce que) tout va bien aujourd'hui ?
(Est-ce que) ta journée se passe bien ?
(Est-ce que) ta journée s'est bien passée ?
Except the first 2 (which are general), those sentences are used when you are talking to someone new in the office for instance, it sounds like you are here to help if needed, you are in a case where the other person may have had a hard day. I don't think you would say that to a friend where nothing particular happened.
Adding "Est-ce que" implies you heard something went wrong, so you are asking him to confirm he is fine (or something like that).
If you want to go deeper in details about those sentences, just ask, we'll think of it :)
- "How did the meeting go?" / flight / concert
Comment s'est passée la réunion ? (professional)
Comment s'est passé le meeting ? (political)
Comment s'est passé l'entretien ? (hiring)
Comment s'est passé ton vol ?
Tu as fait bon [voyage / vol] ?
- "How are things going with you?"
Comment vont les choses ? (not common)
Comment vont tes affaires ? (professional)
Comment [tu vas / ça va] (en ce moment) ? (common)
- If your coworker had a problem with his laptop:
(Alors,) comment va ton ordi ? ("ordi" is familar, use "ordinateur" otherwise)
T'as des nouvelles de ton ordi ? (if it is getting repaired by someone else)
Ton ordi(nateur) est réparé ?
For objects, I think there is no difference with persons, you would say the same if you are asking for news about your workmate's child/wife/husband/parent... (except for the last sentence, of course)