First let's rule out "Est-ce que correct si...", which is obviously... not correct. :)
"Est-ce que je peux..." is the natural way of asking, and the one I would usually use as a native speaker. The use of "pouvoir" really means we are asking for permission here.
Is it ok if I smoke here?
Est-ce que je peux fumer ici ?
As you said though, the meaning might be a bit different: you could argue it is a neutral way of asking. If you want to insist on your concern for others, you could use the verbs "déranger" or "gêner".
Is it ok if I smoke here?
Est-ce que ça gêne si je fume ici ?
Est-ce que ça dérange si je fume ici ?
Est-ce que ça te dérange si je fume ici ?
If you are rather asking about rules you could use "Est-ce qu'on a le droit de +infinitif
" or "Est-ce qu'il est permis de +infinitif
".
Is it ok if I smoke here?
Est-ce qu'on a le droit de fumer ici ?
Est-ce qu'il est permis de fumer ici ? (formal)
"Est-ce que d'accord si..." is not correct, but you were close. You could ask "Est-ce que c'est d'accord pour que +subjonctif
" or "Est-ce que tu es d'accord pour que +subjonctif
".
Is it ok if I go to the party tomorrow?
Est-ce que c'est d'accord pour que j'aille à la soirée demain ?
Est-ce que tu es d'accord pour que j'aille à la soirée demain ?
Note that I used a different example as "Est-ce que c'est d'accord pour que je fume?" would sound strange, although not impossible: it would mean "Is it cool if I smoke?".
You can also use "Est-ce que ça pose problème si +indicatif
", which comes neutral if it is about smoking, but much more subtle for more sensitive topics.
Is it ok if my ex comes?
Est-ce que ça pose problème si mon ex vient ?
At last, rangzen gave an example literally translating into "Est-ce que c'est ok si...", which works, but note that it is extremely casual, much more than the English counterpart.