If you are looking for a classification, you probably don't want ambiguous classes. Therefore there might be an issue with your words in English because deciduous coniferous trees exist (e.g. larix decidua). So here are the pairs that you should use:

Coniferous(or needleleaved)/broadleaved trees

--> Conifères/Feuillus (no need to mention "arbre")

Deciduous/evergreen trees

--> Arbres décidus/sempervirents

or

--> arbres à feuillage caduque(arbre caducifolié)/arbres à feuillage persistant

If you are looking for a classification, you probably don't want ambiguous classes. Therefore there might be an issue with your words in English because deciduous coniferous trees exist (e.g. larix decidua). So here are the pairs that you should use:

Coniferous(or needleleaved)/broadleaved trees

--> Conifères/Feuillus (no need to mention "arbre")

Deciduous/evergreen trees

--> Arbres décidus/sempervirents

or

--> arbres à feuillage caduc (arbre caducifolié)/arbres à feuillage persistant