French is relatively similar. In the following constructions, comparison adverbs or comparison adjectives come first, but no article is added.
Plus je te vois, plus je t'aime.
Moins tu fais de fautes, meilleure sera ta note.
Though it only works when correlating full clauses. When in your first example English juxtaposes substantiated adjectives, French tends to use superlatives (which also are substantives) and they are linked to one another with a verb instead:
Le plus tôt sera le mieux.
Être isn't the only choice but it's unfortunately not always possible to build a meaningful sentence like this. It's generally wise to build up clauses instead. For instance, “The taller, the better”, may become:
Plus on/il/elle est grand(e), mieux c'est.
or if speaking about architecture (for example):
Plus c'est grand, mieux c'est.