In conversation, I just said:
Je n’aime pas trop que l’on me double, mais si cela peut rapprocher XXX de son objectif, alors je suis de tout cœur avec toi.
Here I have the idea of "someone getting one up on me" promotion-wise -- without resorting to any underhanded method, I might add.
I picked up this particular (figurative) usage of "doubler" somewhere along the line, but I can't seem to find a dictionary entry anywhere that perfectly matches this interpretation, so I'm not sure this usage is considered correct. I wonder if it might not be misconstrued as "trahir".