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I've often noticed that French speakers from France have a certain "off-fricative" on high vowels, typically emphasized ones (e.g. sentence-final). You can hear it clearly on the interviewer's éviter and Paris in the first sentence of this video.

It sounds to me like the voiceless palatal fricative /ç/, though it might be better be called a voiceless vowel when one thinks of the articulation: if you produce /e/ or /i/, for instance, and then stop vibrating your vocal cords while holding all else in position, you get this sound. But /ç/ is close enough to represent it if we don't want to contemplate voiceless vowels.

  • How common is this? The other speakers in the video don't do it, although they also don't have much opportunity — in my experience it's most common with the highest vowel /i/, and they only have word-final /e/ in their responses.

  • Is it associated with a particular dialect or demographic?

  • Does it carry any pragmatic force? For instance, does it in fact signify emphasis, a hanging question, an ellipsis...?

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  • Could this particular instance be an artifact introduced by the digital recording? I often heard it on the TV news, back in the time of the analog sound encoding, when the mike was held outdoors. People exhibiting this speech habit in face-to-face conversation do exist (kind of a whistling sound following i or closed e endings), although they are extremely few in my experience, compared to its occurrence on the phone, radio, TV or Teams, Commented Nov 3 at 21:16
  • Also, note this whistling will not be produced if the syllable is linked: les pièges à touristes à évitersh ? A Parish ? but Les pièges à touristes à éviter-à Parish? Commented Nov 3 at 21:23
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    See this past question: Words ending on i/u, spoken with (IPA) ɪç – is there a system?
    – sumelic
    Commented Nov 4 at 3:53
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    @jlliagre For nha nha nha, I interpret it as a synonym of la dee dah. For the duplicate... whoops! I even see that I upvoted that question and answer in the past.
    – Luke Sawczak
    Commented Nov 4 at 12:10
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    @FrançoisJurain Interesting. As for /u/, it's as high as /e/. It is further back, though, so the palatal /ç/ approximation of that sound is unexpected; the first article that jlliagre linked to mentions that it gets paired with /x/ rather than /ç/. (I'm not sure why devoicing would be expected only on high vowels, but it does seem to be the case... perhaps I'll finish that article and find out.)
    – Luke Sawczak
    Commented Nov 7 at 17:45

1 Answer 1

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How common is this?

It is not uncommon but possibly relatively recent.

By exercizing with my own pronunciation, I realized that I was definitely producing that [ç] at the end of an emphasized, long oui, i.e. a ouiiiii...

Is it associated with a particular dialect or demographic?

I don't know. I guess most native French speakers do not notice it or do not pay attention to it. Non native are much more likely to notice it. It is perhaps more common among urban, upper class people. Journalists and women apparently too.

Does it carry any pragmatic force?

I don't think so, unless it's very long.

You'll certainly be interested by these papers:

Le dévoisement des voyelles finales.
Roberto Paternostro, Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, 2008, 3 (40), pp.129-158. ffhalshs-00639082f

Merci×chh, entendu×chh : variation phonétique ancienne ou émergence d’une proto-particule en voie de stabilisation ?
Maria Candea, Jane Wottawa, Martine Adda-Decker, Lori Lamel.
Federica Diémoz, Gaétane Dostie, Pascale Habermann, Florence Lefeuvre.
Le Français innovant, 130, pp. 291-308, 2020, Sciences pour la Communication, 978-3-0343-4143-1. ffhal-02505343f

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  • I think it goes to class and education, and possibly more women than men. That paper is very interesting.
    – Lambie
    Commented Nov 3 at 23:48
  • Fascinating-looking papers indeed by the first pages. Will read!
    – Luke Sawczak
    Commented Nov 4 at 12:10

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